A Critique on Hobo by Robert Bloch Essay Example

A Critique on Hobo by Robert Bloch Essay Example A Critique on Hobo by Robert Bloch Paper A Critique on Hobo by Robert Bloch Paper The story opens with a man called Hannigan on the lam again, leaving a town he calls Knifeville for reasons which are later revealed. From the offset we realize that this man is a Hobo, as suggested in the title, traveling from town to town to find refuge and avoid the so-called Knifevilles. As soon as he hops into an empty, the smell and the lighting reflect the mood and ambience of the boxcar. The word musty resonates in ones mind as being a smell closely related to death, although not relating to smell but to darkness, also touching on the idea of death. He feels the perspiration trickle down his body, as if already frightened. Thats what Sneaky Pete did to a man. At this point we think that Sneaky Pete is a person and is what is making Hannigan perspire; we become wary of the boxcar and Hannigans surroundings. As the train picks up speed and moves on we see the lights as a solid neon chain. Again Sneaky Pete is mentioned but by now we realize that it is most probably alcohol as he mentions it several more times in the story and every time it is more and more closely related to alcohol rather than a person. Hannigan shrugs, trying to convince himself that he drank to celebrate his leaving town. The shrug unexpectedly becomes a twitch and the twitch became a shiver. He then admits to himself, he drunk because he was scared, he had to get out of Knifeville. He turns his gaze away from the light outside and focuses his vision in the dimness of the empty boxcar. The difference between the light and the dark in this story is very significant; the light represents the known and the darkness the unknown. The word empty becomes ironic as shown in the next few lines. The lines become short and quick reflecting the mood, beating like Hannigans heart: Then he froze. The boxcar wasnt empty. He sees another man against the opposite side of the boxcar. Here Robert Bloch uses the definite article the, rather than the indefinite a. This makes the reader wonder why it is the man rather than a man as Hannigan is not even acquainted with him yet. As the story continues, Hannigan keeps asking the man questions and he keeps seeing nods as flashes of light pass by. This is quite a coincidence that each time Hannigan asks him a question a flash of light shows his nod. Hannigan is only aware of the mans whereabouts by his hoarse breathing. Toward the end Hannigan quite rightly asks you a dummy or something? and leans closer forward to see the man. The man topples forward and Hannigan is shocked to see him dead and says to himself that he heard the breathing, and hen he hears the breathing from behind until he feels it on his neck.

Blood transfusion essays

Blood transfusion essays A blood transfusion is the removing of blood or blood blood-based products from the blood stream an inserting it into another circulatory system to replenish lost or damaged blood. blood transfusions can be extremely dangerous when not held in the correct environment with trained professionals. Blood transfusions can treat medical conditions such as massive blood loss or damaged blood cells. Every year more than 4 million Americans receive blood transfusion. Usually only a part of the blood is used but Im some cases all may be used though this is quiet rare. Blood transfusions are used to treat patients that have: Anemia (where the blood cant carry sufficient amount of oxygen around the body) When the host has insufficient plantlets in the body and are unable to stop the flowing of blood. When the immune system is not strong enough to fight some diseases. Many people who receive blood fear the danger of spreading of diseases into there system this should be extremely rare when held in the proper environment and tested though mistakes made be done or diseases may pass the test without being detected. Before the transfusion can be undertaken the donor and the receiver must be typed. The blood received must be compatible with the blood in the receivers body because the body may reject the blood cells. The blood is stored in specially made plastic bags and must be stored in a temperature of about 4c. Blood banks can be found all around the world for you to donate your to and save many lifes. ...

Guyana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Guyana - Essay Example The more numerous coastal peoples are chiefly descendants of slaves from Africa and indentured workers from India, who were originally imported to work the coastal sugarcane plantations. Racial problems between the latter two groups have played a disruptive role in Guyanese society. Politically, Guyana has moved on a steady course toward socialism from the time of independence, although after the death of the first prime minister, Forbes Burnham, in 1985, ties with Western powers were strengthened (Encyclopdia Britannica, 2006) Moreover, Guyana is a democratic republic within the British Commonwealth. The nation is divided into 10 regions. The president, currently Bharrat Jagdeo, who serves as chief of state. The prime minister (Samuel Hinds) is appointed by the president and is head of government. All but 3 of the 68-seat National Assembly members are directly elected. The population of Guyana is estimated to be about 767,245.1 Emigration has kept the annual population growth rate well below 1 percent. About 37 percent of the population lives in urban areas, the largest of which are Georgetown, Linden, and New Amsterdam. The villages and fertile acres of the coastal lowlands are home to another 58 percent. The remaining 5 percent, mostly indigenous people, is scattered throughout the interior. As the country prides its ethnically diverse heritage, Guyana's largest group is made up of descendants of the East Indian immigrants and comprises nearly 50 percent of the country's population. Next are the Afro-Guyanese (36 percent) and American Indian indigenous peoples (7 percent).2 The remainder includes people of mixed race as well as small groups of ethnic Chinese, English, and Portuguese. Guyana is the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and Uruguay, and substantial portions of its western and eastern territories are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively. Warrau and Arawak Catholics fled to British Guiana from Venezuela in the 19th century to escape religious persecution. Their settlements, such as Santa Rosa, are protected reservations. Today's indigenous peoples are seeking title to the lands they occupy, as they feel increasingly threatened by local and international companies looking for mineral and timber wealth. At the same time, many indigenous people are taking jobs with these companies in hopes of overcoming poverty on the reservations (Daly 1975, p. 6). Little is known about the Guyana's early inhabitants, but historians speculate they gradually migrated from central South America as early as A.D. 1000. These people were divided into at least nine tribes, including the Warrau, Wapisiana, Machushi, Patamona, Arawak, and Carib. Before the arrival of Europeans, Carib and Arawak tribes called their region as "Guiana", which means "land of waters" (CultureGrams, 2006). The Dutch established the first European trading post in Guyana in 1580 and were soon joined by the English, French, and Spanish. In 1621, the Netherlands established the Dutch West India Company and gave it control of their colony, known as Essequibo. Dutch colonies were later established on the Berbice River (1627) and Demerara

Uneven distribution of education through the conflict perspective Essay

Uneven distribution of education through the conflict perspective - Essay Example Education has been a crucial issue in several countries nowadays, especially for those with low literacy level. Its importance is seen in its outcomes, such as productivity, literacy, and poverty alleviation. A literate citizenship is a good source of engineers, economists, technologists, scientists, biologists, doctors, teachers, and so on, enough to produce infrastructures and improve the status of science and technology, medicine, and education itself. A low productivity due to lack of all mentioned places a country in a doom of poverty and economic insecurity. Development specialists recognize these outcomes, and provide information on how education may be better in poor countries in order to be richer. There is thus, a strong connection and a dialectical link between education and the economic security of a nation. This connection is seen in the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, and France, which all keep a high record of literacy rate of 99 percent as compared to others t hat keep low literacy rates, such as Arab states (70.3 percent) Several nations are still keeping a low record of literacy level, particularly third world nations, despite the significant importance of education. Female literacy is also found to be lower than their male counterpart in these areas, indicating the pervasion of gender inequality in education and the traditional roles designated to women.... In Ethiopia, a low 24 percent is indicated for their rural areas, while 83 percent for the urban places. It is clear that education has a strong link to economic capacity of the people and nation. Poor children who are able to study experience a large discrepancy of educational opportunities than those from middle class and upper class families. The Comparison of inequality in education may be seen in the following: areas: Teacher allocation, budget allocation, availability of books, and educational facilities and infrastructures. These areas are reflective of social stratification that exists in education. Despite the already high literacy rates, the first world nations like the United States also exhibit a discrepancy in education between poor and rich neighborhoods and schools. Teacher Allocation There is a low quality of teachers in low-income schools in the United States, and at times when there is a short supply of teachers in almost all parts of the country, those who are provided with teachers with the least training and experience are the poorest schools (Hill, 2008). The richest ones get the reverse of this condition. Far less- qualified teachers are consistently provided to students in low-income and minority schools, while children in the wealthier neighborhoods are allocated with the reverse. It reflects the fundamental flaw in the allocation of teachers and funds to schools, whose allotment depends on whether they are poor or rich. Contributory to this scenario is the fact that senior teachers possess total freedom of choice in where to work and most of them choose the most attractive schools and neighborhoods with few difficulties, and demands on teachers are less severe (Hill, 2008). It leaves the new and

Wal-Mart vs Target Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Wal-Mart vs Target - Assignment Example Wal-Mart strives to operate under the premise of advocating for low prices while Target simply operates under the premise of focusing on style and fashion (Steverman 12). There are many brands that one can choose to shop in America, but based on their efficiency and affordability of their products, Wal-Mart and Target are the preferred brands. Most of the college students can associate with such brands because they can only afford to shop at stores that are pocket-friendly thus the reason as to why we proposed this project. However, despite the fact that both Wal-Mart and Target are known for their efficiency and affordability, customers can only be loyal to one of them. Wal-Mart and Target have over the decades grown to establish their brands in the market and as a result, both have used different techniques and strategies to propel their growth (Bickle 21). The birth of discount retailing is traced back to the year 1962, which was the first year for operation of Wal-Mart and Target. It is during this period that Sam Walton’s small chain variety of stores was engulfed in competition from other discount chains. As a result, Sam traveled all over the country to study more about the new form of retail concept and based on his vision that most of the American consumers were shifting to a new form of general store he decided to put up the first ever Wal-Mart store. Together with his wife Helen, they both put in approximately 95% into the first Wal-Mart store, which was located at Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart goals ever since its inception has been to provide great value as well as great customer service (Barstow 32). Walton’s vision was focused on establishing the brand at all cost with an aim of improving the lives of the people. During the same year, George Dayton launched the first ever discount Target chain store in Roseville, Minnesota. The two brands henceforth set to become the largest retail chain stores in America attracting larger customer base and  giving their competitors a challenging ground.

Phylogenetic Analyses of S. Kinabaluensis

Phylogenetic Analyses of S. Kinabaluensis Based on the results obtain from both phylogenetic analyses, the putative parents of S. kinabaluensis are related to two different lineages. In one case, clones #1, #7, #8, #9, and #10 appear to be related to a lineage that includes S. crenata and S. nitidus (Clade 1). In the other case, clones #4 and #6 are closely related to S. alabensis (Clade2) (Figure 12, Figure 13). From both the MP and ML, it shows that S. kinabaluensis is most closely related to S. alabensis where they are aligned together in both tree. Even though the consensus tree has an inclusive low level of resolution and bootstrap support (listed above branches) (Figure 12, Figure 13), the results are in agreement with previous analyses based on ETS and ITS sequence distinction (Shafreena, 2012) suggested that the S. alabensis as one of the potential parents since the polymorphic sites observed are additive between S. alabensis and the potential parents (Shafreena, 2012). However, there is not enough support for this relationship. More data are needed to positively confirm the result. From the phylogenetic analyses, both trees of MP and ML yielded similar results (56% MP, 60% ML). The results of lineage that related to the S. crenata and S. nitidus (Clade 1) are considered as not supported and unresolved due to the low bootstrap value. Therefore, the morphological differences between these two species with S. kinabaluensis were not further evaluated in this study. As for the other lineage, it shows that S. alabensis could be one of the potential parents of S. kinabaluensis although with low bootstrap support value (Clade 2). Therefore, the vegetative and reproductive parts of these two species were observed closely and compared to find out if there is any similarity to support the result of the phylogenetic analysis. As already noted, the distinguishing feature of S. kinabaluensis is that this plant is covered with white stellate hairs on the vegetative and reproductive parts. Based on morphological observation, vegetative parts of S. alabensis are glabrous. However, the reproductive parts especially the inflorescence, branches, peduncles and pedicels do have sparse hairs. Further morphological analysis based on the reproductive parts of both species could not be further observed due to the flowering and fruiting stage while conducting this study. The specimens examined for S. kinabaluensis only had fruits, and as for S. alabensis, the specimens examined were just past flowering and there is no fruit seen. However, the leaf margin which is toothed (only towards the apex) is shared between these two species. Based on the morphological observation and study by Shafreena (2012), the corymb-like inflorescence is also shared by these two species. Therefore, these morphological similarities somehow do support the phylogenetic analyses. A study by Mallet (2007) has mention that in a hybrid speciation, it means that hybridization has had a principal role in the origin of a new species. The derived species initially have exactly one genome from each parent, a 50% contribution from each, although, in older polyploids, recombination and gene conversion may ultimately lead to unequal contributions (Mallet, 2007). However, Arnold (1997) confines the opposite view as, in his opinion, hybrids are often more fit due, not only to the intermix of genotypes from the parents, but also due to the fact that hybridization often creates novel genotypes that may be more fit under certain environmental conditions, particularly disturbed or novel environmental conditions. In this study, the potential parents of S. kinabaluensis still in a question. Therefore, the features and characteristics of S. kinabaluensis could not be fully determined and examined thoroughly. The features and characteristics of S. kinabaluensis might be inherited by the other parents or maybe it is because of the evolution undergoes by the plant itself for its own adaptation to the surrounding. Other than that, the type and phase of elevation of S. kinabaluensis and S. alabensis are more or less to each other which are 1986-2254 m and 1500-1800 m above sea level, respectively. There is not much difference in distance of elevation between this two species and therefore, increase the probability of S. alabensis as one of the putative parents of S. kinabaluensis. However, it seems that the phase of elevation of S. kinabaluensis is higher compared to S. alabensis. Based on this elevation data, it can be correlates with the facts of hybrid speciation. A study by Chase et al. (2010) has stated that once a hybrid species is developed, they faced ecological challenges. When they do become established, there are several potential reasons why they succeed: a) they exhibit transgressive traits (novel mixtures of those exhibited by their parents) that assist their existence in habitats in which neither of their parents can grow, conferring the isolation needed to avoid their reabsorption into the gene pool of one of their parents; or b) their intermediacy in some morphological traits or ecological preferences allows them to utilize a novel niche, again delivering a degree of genetic isolation from both of their parents (Chase et al., 2010). Often such hybrids can only exploit the ecological transition zone between those of their parents, which places them near one or both parents and which may be so inadequate in area that they cannot form viable populations and this intermediates are unlikely to form viable species in their own right (Chase et al., 2010). In this case, the S. kinabaluensis populations grows on a higher elevation compared to S. alabensis, showing that this hybrid species forming a populations near to their parents but with slightly different ecological changes based on the lower temperature at higher elevation. Several lines of molecular evidence support that S. kinabaluensis is of hybrid origin. First, 14 and 16 polymorphic sites for each of two accessions were discovered in the ETS and ITS region (Shafreena, 2012). Based on observation of polymorphic sites of Schefflera species showed that there are 14 species that have between 1-3 polymorphic sites except for S. avenis that has 5 polymorphic sites (Shafreena, 2012). Thus, the presence of 14-16 polymorphic sites of S. kinabaluensis showed an unusual condition (Shafreena, 2012). Second, phylogenetic analyses showed that within-individual cloned ITS repeats were not monophyletic; instead they arose from two distinct lineages (Small Wendel, 2000). From this study, S. kinabaluensis cloned ITS sequences are related to two different lineages. The clones #1, #7, #8, #9 and #10 appear to be related to a lineage that includes S. crenata and S. nitidus. Other clones #4 and #6 are closely related to S. alabensis. Third, although shared nuclear ancestry could simply point out sister relationships with S. alabensis, S. kinabaluensis also allocates nuclear ancestry with a different lineage of species including S. crenata and S. nitidus. To conclude, this molecular phylogenetic information verifies the hypothesis of a hybrid origin for S. kinabaluensis. Quite a lot of additional studies of natural hybridization are needed before the nature of the claimed hybrid origin can be comprehended (Barkman Simpson, 2002). First, it would be of relevance to know if S. kinabaluensis is an allopolyploid or diploid hybrid. Second, artificial crosses should be executed to resolve if there are any obstructions to hybridization between the potential parental species (Barkman Simpson, 2002). For future studies, the limitations in this study should be overcome such as the limitations on the amount of clones produce form the species in order to get a more precise analysis. In addition, a complete morphological description which includes the vegetative and reproductive parts of both the target hybrid species and the putative parents should be done to support the phylogenetic analysis.

The Problem Of Evil Essay -- essays research papers

The Problem of Evil Evil exists, a plain and simple fact. The argument for the problem of evil (and suffering) proves that fact. The argument for the problem of evil states that there is a all-good, all-powerful God. It states that God being all-good means that he only wants good to exist. But, look at all the bad and evil in the world. A total contradiction of a all-good God. God being all- powerful means that he can make whatever he wants. So, if God can make whatever he wants then why did he not make all people and things good? This all boils down too the fact that evil does exist and with evil existing there could not be an all-good, all powerful God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that the argument for the problem of evil is a good argument. The first solution to the problem of evil states that good cannot exist without evil. Not a bad argument, but faulty. With evil existing you have something to compare it to, which is good. But, If God was really all-good the word evil would not exist because everything would just be good. If God is so good and so powerful than why does he let so much evil exist? I could understand a little bit of bad people and things to make the good stand out, but there is so much. All the time in the news you hear about someone being murdered, children being molested, a natural disaster striking a area and many people suffering and dying, etc... This also shows that God cannot be all-powerful if lets all this evil exist in the universe th...

The Cardiovascular System

Intrinsic Conduction System1. The intrinsic conduction system consists of __autorhythmic cardiac______ cells that initiate and distribute __impulses___ throughout the heart. 2. The intrinsic conduction system coordinates heart activity by determining the direction and speed of _heart depolarization___. This leads to a coordinated heart contraction. 3. List the functions for the following parts of the intrinsic conduction system: a. SA Node __initiates the depolarizing impulse and sets the pace for the entire beat___ b. Internodal Pathway __link between the SA node and the AV node__ c. AV Node __delay occurs allowing atria to contract___ d. AV Bundle (Bundle of His) _link between atria and ventricles__ e. Bundle Branches __convey impulses down the interventricular septum___ f. Purkinje Fibers ___convey the depolarization throughout the ventricular walls_____4. The action potentials spread from the autorhythmic cells of the intrinsic conduction system (electrical event) to the _contractile__ cells. The resulting mechanical events cause a heartbeat.5. A tracing of the electrical activity of the heart is called a/an __electrocardiogram__.6. What do the following wave forms reflect? . P wave ___atrial depolarization___ b. QRS complex ___ventricular depolarization____ c. T wave __ventricular repolarization___7. In a normal ECG wave t racing, atrial repolarization is hidden by __QRS Complez__.8. Note: Electrical events lead to mechanical events. For example, the P wave represents __atrial_ depolarization, which leads to atrial _contraction___.9. A left bundle branch block would have a wider than normal wave for the __QRS complex_. (Quiz section) 10. An abnormally fast heart rate (over 100 beats per minute) is called: __tachycardia___. (Quiz section)

Intro to Afro-American Studies 005-02 Essays - Free Essays

Intro to Afro-American Studies 005-02 Essays - Free Essays Intro to Afro-American Studies 005-02 How do we undertake the study of the African experience/experiences? "In war, all strategies and tactics resolve around the shield and the spear. The defensive shield protects and consolidates one's own base. The spear attacks, the goal being the capture or destruction of the opponent's base, forcing him to retreat and surrender. Applying the metaphor of war to systems of domination, we see that colonialism attacks and completely distorts a people's relationship to their natural, bodily, economic, political, and cultural base. And with this base destroyed, the wholeness of the African subject, the subject in active engagement with his environment, is fragmented." Abstract: As a people, whether you identify yourself as black, African-American, Negro, Caribbean, or African, we have physically, mentally, spiritually, and intellectually been removed from our home: Africa. Once we realize that we all come from the same place with similar cultural aspects, including all cultural meanings and makings, we can begin to undertake the study of the African experience. We must expand our views further back from slavery and start at the inception of human civilization; since, the oldest human bones are found in Africa; it only makes sense. Once we realize this, we can actively engage with one another, read together, and propose a multitude of questions together with different answers. We undertake the study of the African experiences through the original human experience and through the African diaspora by reading African works, studying African culture and understanding how we are all connected. Critical Review of Scholarship: Throughout the first chapters of Something Torn and New An African Renaissance, Thiong'o critically describes the first stages our ancestors went through when they were removed from Africa. The dismemberment of Africa happened in two stages: the continent and its diaspora. (Gregory Carr) "Of course, colonialists did not literally cut off the heads of the colonized or physically bury them alive. Rather, they dismembered the colonized from memory, turning their heads upside down and burying all the memories they carried." Africans were forced to forget who they were, which includes their names, languages, and where they came from, and Europeans throughout history shoved their "culture" into our ancestors, first through naming and then ownership. There was a division of Africa: land, body and mind, including "linguicide in the case of the diaspora and linguistic famine, or linguifam, on the continent." Ebonics (Gregory Carr) allowed our ancestors to reconnect with each other from the bo at to the Americas and the Caribbean. Chapter 2: Remembering Visions continues on to describe how our ancestors remembered our history and focuses on a conceptual category, movement and memory. "The psychological connections (link between the economic and political quest of African-Americans and those of Africans) are not as easy to explain in empirical terms, but they can be felt in the souls of black folk." Many African-Americans went through natal alienation, which is why so many of us are in the condition we are in today. The default which Ngg states is that blacks have nothing to revert back to. (Gregory Carr) Discussion Ngg's text effectively and efficiently explains how we must undertake the study of Africana experiences. Of course, it is not written blatantly how we are supposed to directly touch on the subject; however, it gives a synthesis as to where we should start. The syllabus, along with the aliteracy form is the inception of what we should start with; a book. Read. Not only do we read, we read together, we ask questions, we "search for truth, and train new generations, in order to produce new knowledge." (Gregory Carr) Our ancestors did not risk their lives along with others for generations after them to be aliterate. Intellectual Journey I was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan to my mother, Janice Jones-Sow, and my father, Moustapha Sow. My dad is from Dakar, Senegal and my parents coincidentally met at the African World Festival in Detroit in the mid-1980s. I have 3 older sisters, one who graduated from Howard University and took your class, my second oldest sister graduated from College for Creative Studies and my third oldest sister is a senior at Parson's School for Design. My mother knew the importance of teaching my sisters and I

National Woman Suffrage Association - NWSA

National Woman Suffrage Association - NWSA Founded: May 15, 1869, in New York City Preceded by: American Equal Rights Association (split between American Woman Suffrage Association and National Woman Suffrage Association) Succeeded by: National American Woman Suffrage Association (merger) Key figures: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony. Founders also included Lucretia Mott, Martha Coffin Wright, Ernestine Rose, Pauline Wright Davis, Olympia Brown, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Anna E. Dickinson, Elizabeth Smith Miller. Other members included Josephine Griffing, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Florence Kelley, Virginia Minor, Mary Eliza Wright Sewall, and Victoria Woodhull. Key characteristics (especially in contrast to the American Woman Suffrage Association): condemned passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments, unless they were changed to include womensupported a federal Constitutional Amendment for womens suffragebecame involved in other womens rights issues beyond suffrage, including the rights of working women (discrimination and pay), reform of marriage and divorce laws.had a top-down organizational structuremen could not be full members although they could be affiliated Publication: The Revolution. The motto on the masthead of The Revolution was Men, their rights and nothing more; women, their rights and nothing less! The paper was largely financed by George Francis Train, a womans suffrage advocate also noted for opposing suffrage for African Americans in the campaign in Kansas for womens suffrage (see American Equal Rights Association). Founded in 1869, before the split with the AERA, the paper was short-lived and died in May 1870. The rival newspaper, The Womans Journal, founded January 8, 1870, was much more popular. Headquartered in: New York City Also known as: NWSA, the National About the National Woman Suffrage Association In 1869, a meeting of the American Equal Rights Association showed that its membership had become polarized on the issue of support for ratification of the 14th Amendment. Ratified the previous year, without including women, some of the womens rights activists felt betrayed and left to form their own organization, two days later. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first president of the NWSA. All members of the new organization, the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), were women, and only women could hold office. Men could be affiliated, but could not be full members. In September of 1869, the other faction which supported the 14th Amendment despite it, not including women, formed its own organization, the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). George Train supplied significant funding for the NWSA, usually called the National. Before the split, Frederick Douglass (who joined the AWSA, also called the American) had denounced the use of funds from Train for womens suffrage purposes, as Train opposed black suffrage. A newspaper headed by Stanton and Anthony, The Revolution, was the organ for the organization, but it folded very quickly, with the AWSA paper, The Womans Journal, much more popular. The New Departure Before the split, those who formed the NWSA had been behind a strategy originally proposed by Virginia Minor and her husband. This strategy, which the NWSA adopted after the split, relied on using the equal protection language of the 14th Amendment to assert that women as citizens already had the right to vote. They used language similar to the natural rights language used before the American Revolution, about taxation without representation and governed without consent. This strategy came to be called the New Departure. In many locations in 1871 and 1872, women attempted to vote in violation of state laws. A few were arrested, including famously Susan B. Anthony in Rochester, New York. In the case of United States v. Susan B. Anthony, a court upheld Anthonys guilty verdict for committing the crime of attempting to vote. In Missouri, Virginia Minor had been among those who attempted to register to vote in 1872. She was turned down, and sued in state court, and then appealed all the way to the United States Supreme Court. In 1874, a unanimous verdict by the court declared in Minor v. Happersett that while women were citizens, suffrage was not a necessary privilege and immunity to which all citizens were entitled. In 1873, Anthony summarized this argument with her landmark address, Is It a Crime for a U.S. Citizen to Vote? Many of the NWSA speakers who lectured in various states took up similar arguments. Because the NWSA was focusing on the federal level to support womens suffrage, they held their conventions in Washington, D.C., even though headquartered in New York City. Victoria Woodhull and the NWSA In 1871, the NWSA heard an address at its gathering from Victoria Woodhull, who testified the previous day before the U.S. Congress supporting woman suffrage. The speech was based on the same New Departure arguments that Anthony and Minor acted upon in their attempts to register and vote. In 1872, a splinter group from the NWSA nominated Woodhull to run for president as a candidate of the Equal Rights Party. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Isabella Beecher Hooker supported her run and Susan B. Anthony opposed it. Just before the election, Woodhull released some salacious allegations about Isabella Beecher Hookers brother, Henry Ward Beecher, and for the next few years, that scandal continued with many in the public associating Woodhull with the NWSA. New Directions Matilda Joslyn Gage became president of the National in 1875 through 1876. (She was Vice President or head of the Executive Committee for 20 years.) In 1876, the NWSA, continuing its more confrontational approach and federal focus, organized a protest at the national exhibition celebrating the centennial anniversary of the nations founding. After the Declaration of Independence was read at the opening of that exposition, the women interrupted and Susan B. Anthony made a speech on womens rights. The protestors then presented a Womens Declaration of Rights and some Articles of Impeachment, arguing that women were being wronged by the absence of political and civil rights. Later that year, after months of gathering signatures, Susan B. Anthony and a group of women presented to the United States Senate petitions signed by more than 10,000 advocating womens suffrage. In 1877, the NWSA initiated a federal Constitutional Amendment, written mostly by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, which was introduced into the Congress every year until it passed in 1919. Merger Strategies of the NWSA and AWSA began to converge after 1872. In 1883, the NWSA adopted a new constitution allowing other woman suffrage societies including those working at the state level to become auxiliaries. In October of 1887, Lucy Stone, one of the founders of the AWSA, proposed at that organizations convention that merger talks with the NWSA be initiated. Lucy Stone, Alice Stone Blackwell, Susan B. Anthony and Rachel Foster met in December and agreed in principle to proceed. The NWSA and AWSA each formed a committee to negotiate the merger, which culminated in the 1890 beginning of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. To give gravitas to the new organization, three of the best-known leaders were elected to the three top leadership positions, although each was aged and somewhat ailing or otherwise absent: Elizabeth Cady Stanton (who was in Europe for two years) as president, Susan B. Anthony as vice president and acting president in Stantons absence, and Lucy Stone as head of the Executive Committee.

Learning to Listen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning to Listen - Essay Example Ramin tells the readers how she has grown up with inquisitive behavior and become curious of everything happening around her. To this extent, the author reveals that the culture of one’s family influences his or her behavior. Further, the author reveals that one’s family can make him or her develop poor or good listening skills, which she emphasizes by reveling to the readers that she learnt about her poor listening skills from her family. Good listening demands that one be keen and completely identify with the speaker. Ramin emphasizes that great listening involves â€Å"deeply identifying with the person you’re speaking with, when their story becomes so vivid that your world becomes less about you and more about them† (Para 2). The author further makes it clear that hearing is different from listening. Hearing simply means making no sense of what the speaker says. Good and effective listening requires an individual to focus more on the speaker rather tha n himself. A good listener is one who identifies with and become part and parcel of the story. Ramin also reveals that poor listening skills can lead to communication barrier and increases one’s likelihood to miss important things said by the speaker. Ramin also reveals that listening skills can be learnt when she says â€Å"I might have missed that, had I not learned to listen† (Para 5) in reference to â€Å"I love you† whisper from an orphaned girl to her at Noah’s community center. Ramin’s claim that one should learn when to speak and when to listen is very true. I particularly had poor listening skills, but learnt a lesson that changed my listening skills completely. I had gate-crushed a certain wedding in the neighborhood. At the door of hall where the occasion was scheduled, a security guard instructed me that empty blue seats were reserved for some special people invited to the wedding. Unfortunately, I was simply nodding and talking at the same time, while my

Reading Reponses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading Reponses - Essay Example The landscapes that these buildings are erected upon are not static because natural compositions cause their constant change. Stan gives a description of the nature of this change as he suggests that living bodies usually have faster changing trends. Architecture completes the link between biological and geological composition of elements as it finds a basis of existence. Architecture has evolved to the form that looks at the landscape the structure is erected on, known as the horizontal. Stan tells that technology has been improved to consider the design layout from the horizontal perspective incorporating it with the traditional vertical design, where architects like Gehry only dwelled on the appearance of the structure. The desire for the architects to dwell on the horizontal bodies, and less on the vertical has been included in examples that depict landscape design and Stan gives an example in the Yokohama port. Landscape urbanism is given as an example of landscape architecture that has been implemented on empty spaces, and developed during 1990s when architects desired means to manipulate the surface. Before any structure is erected as an architectural form, a landscape needs to be considered as its constituent. Stan, therefore, suggests that a brilliant architectural design is one that considers the landscape as part of its overall structural design and not a separate entity. This structure is suggested to be unique due to its integration with the natural components considering the landscape design. Van Eyck tells of the relationship to that of the leaves of a tree to their origin. The design of the college is unique as it spreads the design from its repetitive features that are projected to the college rooms. The use of geometrical shapes in the forms of a circle to trapezoidal composition gives it an outstanding contrast in layout,